The strtok Function
The strtok function is used to find the next token in a string. The token is specified by a list of possible delimiters.
The following example reads a line of text from a file and determines a word using the delimiters, space, tab, and new line. Each word is then displayed on a separate line:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
FILE *in;
char line[80];
char *delimiters = " \t\n";
char *token;
if ((in = fopen("C:\\text.txt", "r")) == NULL)
{
puts("Unable to open the input file");
return 0;
}
/* Read each line one at a time */
while(!feof(in))
{
/* Get one line */
fgets(line, 80, in);
if (!feof(in))
{
/* Break the line up into words */
token = strtok(line, delimiters);
while (token != NULL)
{
puts(token);
/* Get the next word */
token = strtok(NULL, delimiters);
}
}
}
fclose(in);
return 0;
}
It above program, in = fopen("C:\\text.txt", "r"), opens and existing file C:\\text.txt. If the does not exist in the specified path or for any reason, the file could not be opened, an error message is displayed on screen.
Consider the following example, which uses some of these functions:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char line[100], *sub_text;
/* initialize string */
strcpy(line,"hello, I am a string;");
printf("Line: %s\n", line);
/* add to end of string */
strcat(line," what are you?");
printf("Line: %s\n", line);
/* find length of string */
/* strlen brings back */
/* length as type size_t */
printf("Length of line: %d\n", (int)strlen(line));
/* find occurence of substrings */
if ( (sub_text = strchr ( line, 'W' ) )!= NULL )
printf("String starting with \"W\" ->%s\n",
sub_text);
if ( ( sub_text = strchr ( line, 'w' ) )!= NULL )
printf("String starting with \"w\" ->%s\n",
sub_text);
if ( ( sub_text = strchr ( sub_text, 'u' ) )!= NULL )
printf("String starting with \"w\" ->%s\n",
sub_text);
}
The output of the program will be displayed as follows:
Line: hello, I am a string;
Line: hello, I am a string; what are you?
Length of line: 35
String starting with "w" ->what are you?
String starting with "w" ->u? |
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