Data recovery programming book

Data Recovery Book BPB Publications, New Delhi, India. ISBN : 81-7656-922-4

Author of the Book "Data Recovery with & without Programming"

Tarun Tyagi has written this book on Professional Data Recovery Programming titled, "Data Recovery With & Without Programming". All educational Software and source codes given on this website, have been developed by author Tarun Tyagi. Tarun Tyagi is Data Recovery Professional and Data Recovery software developer. Data Recovery Training By Author Tarun Tyagi Title of the Book Data Recovery with & without Programming Author of the Book Tarun Tyagi Publishers of the Book BPB Publications, New Delhi, India Number of Pages 540 Size (9.5 x 7.5 x 1.0) Inches ISBN 81-7656-922-4

Quick Reference and Table of Contents Book "Data Recovery with & without Programming"

Table of Contents

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PREFACE

1. An Overview of Data Recovery

• Introduction to Data Recovery

• Understanding Data loss
  • System Crash
    • Human Error
    • Software Corruption
    • Software Malfunction
    • Hardware Error
    • Virus Crash
    • Sabotage
    • Natural Disaster
  • Other types of data loss

    • Loss of one or more partitions

    • Floppy Read Error

    • Deletion of important data

    • Password loss
• Types and areas of Data Recovery
  • Analyzing a computer before Data Recovery
  • Acceptable recovery period
  • Understanding various costs
    • Downtime Costs

    • Data Recovery Costs

  • User description
  • Defining the requirements
  • Making objectives

• Some Advices before beginning the Disk troubleshooting or Data Recovery procedure

  • Some tips to Protect your Data
  • Make the Backups
    • Perform surface scanning monthly
    • De-fragment of data weekly
    • Use good antivirus program
    • Get into the habit of keeping your floppy write-protected
    • Do not use pirated games and software

2. Introduction of Hard Disks

• Introduction

• Components of hard disk

  • Disk Platters and Media

    • Read/Write Heads

      • Head Crash

      • Head Parking

    • Head Sliders, Arms and Actuator
      • Head Sliders
    • Head Arms
    • Head Actuator
    • Spindle Motor

    • Connectors and Jumpers

    • Logic Board
    • Cache and Cache Circuitry

• Low-level hard disk geometry

• Formatting

  • Low-Level Formatting

    • Partitioning

    • High-Level Formatting

• Formatted and Unformatted Storage Capacity

3. Logical Approach to Disks and OS

• BIOS
  • The INT 13H Interface and INT 13H Extensions
    • Int13H Extensions
    • The 2.1 GB limit
    • The 33.8 GB limit
    • ATA Specification for IDE Disks - The 137 GB limit
  • Two and Four Disk BIOS IDE Support
• Limitations in File Systems
  • FAT12
  • FAT16
  • FAT32
  • NTFS
• Cluster
• Cluster Size
• Logical Structure of a Hard Disk

• Master Boot Record (MBR) or Master Partition Table (MPT)

• Master Boot Record Format

  • Partition Table Entry Format
    • Boot Type Indicator Byte
    • Starting Cylinder-Head-Sector Number of the Partition
    • File System Indicator Byte
    • Ending Cylinder-Head-Sector Number of the Partition

    • Relative Sector number of Beginning of the Partition

    • Number of Sectors of the Partition
  • DOS Boot Record (DBR) / DOS Boot Sector
    • Number of Root Directories
    • Total number of Sectors
    • Media Descriptor

    • Number of Sectors of FAT

    • Sectors Per Track (or Sectors Per Head)
    • Hidden Sectors
  • File Allocation Table (FAT)
    • How Windows detects the Improper - Shutdown
  • Root Directory
  • Long File Name (LFN)
  • Data Area (or Files Area)
  • Fragmented and Defragmented Data
  • Identifying the cause of data corruption
    • Boot the system with bootable floppy
      • Verify the MBR Information
      • If MBR is okay, Verify DBR

4. Number Systems

• Introduction
• Decimal Number System
• Binary Number System

  • Binary to Decimal number Conversion

  • Decimal to Binary number Conversion

  • Binary Number Formats
    • The Bit
    • The Nibble
    • The Byte
    • The Word
    • The Double Word
• Octal Number System

  • Binary to Octal Conversion

  • Octal to Binary Conversion

  • Octal to Decimal Conversion

  • Decimal to Octal Conversion

• Hexadecimal Number System

  • Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion

  • Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion

  • Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

  • Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion

• ASCII Code
• Some important number system terms, often used for Data and Data Storage representation
  • Byte
  • Kilobyte
  • Megabyte
  • Gigabyte
  • Terabyte
  • Petabyte
  • Exabyte
  • Zettabyte
  • Yottabyte
• Common Data Storage Terms

5. Introduction of C Programming

• Introduction

• Why use C in Data Recovery Programming

• Let me assume that you know nothing in C
• Let us start
• Keywords
• Compiling the program
• Printing Numbers
• Using Variables
• Numeric Variable Types
  • Initializing Numeric Variables
• Operators
  • Assignment Operator
  • Mathematical Operators
  • Relational Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • The Comma Operator
• Something more about printf() and Scanf()
• Control Statements
  • The if else Statement
  • The switch Statement
  • The break Statement
  • The continue Statement
• Loops
  • The while Loop
  • The do while Loop
  • The for Loop
  • The goto Statement
• Pointers
• Array
  • Character Arrays
  • Accessing the Elements
  • Initializing Array Elements
  • Looping through an Array
  • Multidimensional Arrays
• Strings
  • Some Common String Functions
  • The strlen Function
  • The strcpy Function
  • The strcmp Function
  • The strcat Function
  • The strtok Function
• Functions
  • Pass By Value Functions
  • Call-by-reference
  • Dereferencing
• Memory Allocation in C
  • Reallocating Memory
  • Releasing Memory
• Structures
  • Structures with Pointer Members in C
  • Structure Initialisers in C
  • Passing Structures to Functions in C
• Union
  • The union Keyword
  • A practical use of a union in data recovery
• File Handling in C
  • The File Modes of fopen Function
  • Closing Files
  • Reading Files
  • Writing to Files

• Command Line Arguments with C

• Bitwise Manipulators

  • Bitwise AND

  • Bitwise OR

  • Bitwise Exclusive OR

  • Bitwise Compliment

  • Bitwise Shift Left

  • Bitwise Shift Right

• Functions to Binary–Decimal and Conversions

• Function for Decimal to Binary conversion

• Function for Binary to Decimal conversion

• Debugging and Testing

  • Syntax Errors
  • Logic Errors
• Testing
  • Some testing principles
  • White Box Testing
  • Black Box Testing
  • Equivalence Classes

  • Boundary Value Analysis

  • Devising a Test Plan

6. Introduction to Computer Basics

• Introduction
• Basic concepts
  • Central Processor
    • Central Memory
    • CPU Registers
    • Assembler structure
    • Advantages of the Assembler
    • Let me keep my promise
    • Storing and loading the programs
    • Segments
    • Data movement
  • Interruptions
    • Internal Hardware Interruptions
    • External Hardware Interruptions
    • Software Interruptions
• Int 20H, Terminate process
• Int 21H, MS-DOS System functions

7. Necessary DOS Commands

• Introduction
• Brief History
  • Microsoft Disk Operating System
  • (MS-DOS) Version 1.0
  • MS-DOS Version 2.0
  • MS-DOS Version 3.0 to 5.0
  • MS-DOS Version 6.0
  • MS-DOS Version 7.0 (Windows 95)
• Necessary commands
  • ATTRIB
  • CD (or CHDIR)
  • CHKDSK
  • CLS
  • COMMAND
  • COPY
  • DEBUG
  • COM Extension
  • EXE Extension
  • DEL (or ERASE)
  • DELTREE
  • DOSKEY
  • DIR
  • DISKCOPY
  • EDIT
  • EXIT
  • FC
  • FDISK
  • FIND
  • FORMAT
  • LABEL
  • MD (or MKDIR)
  • MORE
  • MOVE
  • RD (or RMDIR)
  • SCANDISK
  • TYPE
  • XCOPY
• Specification shortcuts, Wildcards and Redirection
  • Shortcuts
  • Wildcards
  • Redirection
    • >
    • >>
    • <
    • |

8. Disk-BIOS Functions and Interrupts Handling With C

• Introduction

• biosdisk and _bios_disk Functions

• diskinfo_t Structure

• absread and abswrite Functions

• Interrupt Handling with C

  • SREGS Structure

    • REGS Union

    • BYTEREGS and WORDREGS Structures

    • int86 and int86x Functions

    • segread Function

    • intdos and intdosx Functions

• How to know the Physical Hard Drive Number

• Interrupt 13H (INT 13H), ROM BIOS Disk Driver Functions

9. Handling Large Hard Disks

• First of all, let me tell you a Story

• INT 13H Extensions

• How to use INT 13H Extensions in C Programming

  • Comments on Coding of the program

10. Data Recovery From Corrupted Floppy

• Why the floppy is not readable
  • How to recover
  • Method – 1
  • Store the boot image of any fresh floppy
    • Making the image of DOS Boot Record of a good floppy
      • Comments on Program coding
    • Pasting the boot image to the first sector of Unreadable floppy
      • Comments on Program coding
    • Let us do it with single program
  • Comments on Program coding
  • Storing the boot Image in HEXADECIMAL Characters to use in our previous Program
  • Comments on coding of the program
  • Method – 2
    • What to do if Method-1 doesn't work
    • Copy all the data of media surface to a single file
      • Comments on Program coding
    • Thinking for the solution of sector(s) reading error
      • Comments on Program coding
    • Paste the Data from the file to the physical surface of fresh floppy
      • Comments on Program coding

    • Thinking for Logical Recovery for Deleted or lost Data

      • Comments on coding
      • Comments on coding
      • Comments on coding

11. Making Backups

• Why Backups
• When and what to Back up
• Backup of MBR (Master Boot Record) and its use
  • Why Backup MBR
  • What Can Be Recovered with the Backup of MBR
  • Writing the Program to make Backup of MBR
    • Comments on Program coding
  • Program to Restore the MBR from Backup
    • Comments on Program coding
• Backup of DBR (DOS Boot Record) and its use
  • Why Backup DBR
  • What can be recovered with the Backup of DBR?
  • Programs for Making and Restoring Backups of DBR

• Complete Disk Imaging

  • Writing the program for complete disk imaging
    • Comments on Coding
    • Comments on Coding

12. Reading and Modifying MBR with Programming

• Master Boot Record (MBR) or Master Partition Table (MPT)

• Master boot record format

• Partition Table Entry Format

• Writing program to read the partition table of MBR

  • Comments on coding
• Program to find all logical partitions and their information
  • Comments on coding
  • Comments on coding
• Modify MBR by Programming
  • Comments on coding

13. Reading and Modifying DBR with Programming

• DOS Boot Record (DBR) / DOS Boot Sector

• Reading DBR of Floppy and Small Volumes
• Reading the DBR of Large Volumes

• How to Recover DBR with Programming

  • Comments on coding

14. Programming for "Raw File" Recovery

• Raw File Recovery

• Headers and footers of some important file types

• Writing a program for Raw File Recovery
  • Comments on coding
• INT 10H, function 01H - Set Cursor Type

15. Programming for Data Wipers

• Introduction
• When the data becomes completely unrecoverable
• Why data wiping is so important

• Writing program for Non - Destructive data wiper

  • Comments on logic and the coding of the program
• Writing program for Destructive Data Wiper
  • Comments on coding

• Wiping Data Area of specific file

  • Comments on logic and coding of program

16. Developing more Utilities for Disks

• Introduction

• Hiding Partitions

• How the partition becomes hidden

  • Writing program to hide partition

  • Comments on coding
  • Writing program to Unhide the Partition
  • Comments on Program

  • Writing program to delete Partition

  • Comments on program
• Formatting "Track 0 Bad" floppy

  • Writing the Disk Editing Tool

Appendix – I : Important C functions and Header Files

Appendix – II: Glossary of Data Recovery Terms